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Classification of Iranian Carpet:
It is impossible to ascertain with any degree of certainty the weaving center to which a particular carpet belongs, but this classification depends on the form of designs, the kind of color, knots, the size and many other particulars. Persian carpets are divided into two broad groups: Tribal Carpets and Rural or Urban ones. Tribal carpets are small in size, woven in a very short time and in the form of rug. They are thick and woven in natural shape and bright colors. The nomads usually prefer geometrical designs for this kind of carpet.

 

History of the Persian Carpet:
Whatever is known of the origins of the pile rug is based on suppositions but the can assume that pile weaving had a nomadic origin although there are too many beliefs and sayings about where really the origin is. In Iran An important period in carpet weaving is during the reign of the Sassanian dynasty (224-641 AD) and too many magnificent carpets were exported to distant lands. From that time this art went though other dynasties with some Fluctuations.

Raw Materials:
Wool: Sheep wool is one of the basic elements in the carpet weaving. It is important how to choose the best quality wool which can be obtained from mountainous and mild areas and it should be refined from the external substances before spinning by mechanical apparatus. Down (kork): It refers to the soft wool that grows close to the skin of sheep and goats. Fairly expensive rugs are made form them. Cotton: It has an important role in carpet industry and is used to weave the wrap and the weft of the carpets. Also, it is not eaten by moths. Silk: It is produced by the larva of a species of moth, called the silkworm. Silk carpets are so expensive and stronger than wool ones. Because it is difficult to weave them, they are delicate and expensive. Dyeing: It plays an important role; since without colors, no design can be created. The dyers combine the principal colors with the complementary ones to obtain an exciting world of colors. The colors are divided into two categories: Natural and Artificial. Natural dyes: Although many of them were obtained from animal and mineral sources, they are often referred to as vegetable dyes, which come from natural sources and environments. These colors show the subtle beauty of tone in the carpet. The natural dyes are Ronas, Saffron, Logwood, etc.

   

Design:
Persian carpets fascinate the whole world by their unique, pleasant, and varied design. Each has its own beauty and perfect harmony. The works of the designers together with the efforts of dyers and weavers has resulted in the production of the most glorious creation, the "Persian carpet". They are durable, unique, and with the special quality of wool and brilliant colors. Thus, these characteristics gave Persian carpet its world wide reputation.
Nowadays most of the carpet industries weave their carpets using Persian designs and they know that they cannot improve on the existing ones.

 

Weaving Looms:
Should be adjustable and it is a crucial factor in the structure of the carpet; the carpets are divided into two types:
Horizontal Looms (Flat) & Vertical Looms (Upright)
Horizontal looms are used by nomad weavers. They weave from the sides which becomes too hard if the rug is too wide but this kind of loom is suited to their way of life being easy to carry.
Vertical Looms:
These can be used in cities, their structure is more complicated, its design and measurement are more precise. In this loom the length of the carpet is shorter than the length of the loom.

 
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